- 8.74 MB]2012 National Healthcare Disparities Report
Chapter 8, Text Descriptions for Figures
Figure 8.1. Electronic medical record use in hospitals, by hospital control and hospital type, 2010
| Hospital Control | Patient Demographics | Physician Notes | Nursing Assessments | Problem Lists | Medication Lists | Discharge Summaries | Advance Directives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 82.5 | 25 | 53 | 39.6 | 58.2 | 53 | 53 |
| Government, Non-Federal | 74.4 | 20.8 | 44 | 34 | 47.3 | 43.1 | 43 |
| Nongovernment, Not for Profit | 90 | 27.3 | 60.3 | 43.6 | 66.3 | 59.8 | 61.1 |
| Investor Owned, For Profit | 65 | 12.6 | 33.3 | 25.8 | 39.2 | 37.1 | 33.9 |
| "Government, Federal" | 92.8 | 91.4 | 88.5 | 88.4 | 91.4 | 91.4 | 78.2 |
| Hospital Type | Patient Demographics | Physician Notes | Nursing Assessments | Problem Lists | Medication Lists | Discharge Summaries | Advance Directives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Medical & Surgical | 85.5 | 24.8 | 56.3 | 41.1 | 60.6 | 55.4 | 57.4 |
| Psychiatric | 64.8 | 26.3 | 27.9 | 28.4 | 37.6 | 32 | 15 |
| Rehabilitation | 59 | 20.4 | 30.1 | 23.1 | 39.7 | 38.2 | 28 |
| Children's General | 90 | 45 | 62.5 | 60 | 75 | 71.7 | 66.6 |
| Acute Long-Term Care | 53.7 | 21.5 | 30 | 23.7 | 41.2 | 35 | 30 |
Source: American Hospital Association, 2010 Information Technology Supplement.
Figure 8.2. Electronic health record use in physician offices, by ownership and specialty, 2011
| Ownership / Specialty | Overall |
|---|---|
| Physician Owned | 50 |
| HMO | 100 |
| Community Health Center | 74 |
| Academic Health Center | 70 |
| Primary Care | 58 |
| Surgical | 48 |
| Medical | 55 |
Key: HMO = health maintenance organization.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2011 Electronic Medical Record Mail Survey Supplement.
Figure 8.3. Electronic health record use in physician offices, by ethnicity of population, metropolitan status, and specialty, 2011
| Ethnicity | Demographic Information | Clinical Notes | Prescription Ordering | Clinical Decision Support | Clinical Reminders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <50% Non-Hispanic White | 68.6 | 58.9 | 51.6 | 25.1 | 34.5 |
| 50-69% Non-Hispanic White | 74.5 | 61 | 56.9 | 27.2 | 37.4 |
| 70-79% Non-Hispanic White | 74.5 | 62.8 | 62.2 | 28.5 | 41.8 |
| 80% or More Non-Hispanic White | 77.7 | 67.7 | 61 | 32.4 | 41.1 |
| Metropolitan Status / Speciality | Demographic Information | Clinical Notes | Prescription Ordering | Clinical Decision Support | Clinical Reminders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSA | 73.3 | 62 | 57.5 | 28.2 | 37.9 |
| Non-MSA | 77.6 | 66.8 | 56.3 | 28 | 41.7 |
| Primary Care | 76.8 | 65.1 | 61.4 | 36.4 | 46.9 |
| Surgical | 72.8 | 57.4 | 49.5 | 18 | 29 |
| Medical | 70 | 62 | 55.6 | 20.7 | 29.3 |
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2011 Electronic Medical Record Mail Survey Supplement.
Figure 8.4. Electronic health record use in federally funded health centers, 2011
| Electronic Health Record (EHR) Use | Percent |
|---|---|
| EHR Installed | 79.6 |
| Patient History & Demographics | 99.8 |
| Clinical Notes | 99.6 |
| CPOE for Lab Test | 97.1 |
| CPOE for Radiology Test | 76.4 |
| Electronic Entry of Prescriptions | 98.8 |
| Intervention & Screening Reminders | 93.9 |
Key: CPOE = computerized provider order entry.
Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Uniform Data System, 2011.
Figure 8.5. Rate of physicians and surgeons per 100,000 population, by race and ethnicity, 2006-2010
| Year | White | Black | Asian | AI/AN | >1 Race |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 287 | 113 | 1228 | 80 | 179 |
| 2007 | 294 | 118 | 1205 | 96 | 174 |
| 2008 | 299 | 121 | 1163 | 168 | |
| 2009 | 291 | 114 | 1154 | 60 | 139 |
| 2010 | 290 | 115 | 1155 | 83 | 208 |
| Year | Non-Hispanic White | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 302 | 113 |
| 2007 | 312 | 101 |
| 2008 | 323 | 112 |
| 2009 | 313 | 109 |
| 2010 | 317 | 105 |
Key: AI/AN: American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey.
Note: Data for AI/ANs om 2008 did not meet criteria for statistical reliability, data quality, or confidentiality.
Figure 8.6. Trauma center utilization for severe injuries in the United States, by gender and income, 2009
| Gender / Income | Trauma Level I & II | Trauma Level III | Nontrauma |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 64.0 | 7.7 | 28.4 |
| Female | 54 | 8 | 38 |
| 1st Quartile (Lowest Income) | 60.9 | 8.5 | 30.6 |
| 2nd Quartile | 58.8 | 9.2 | 32.1 |
| 3rd Quartile | 58.8 | 8.3 | 32.9 |
| 4th Quartile (Highest Income) | 63.7 | 4.5 | 31.8 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Utilization Project, Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2009.
Figure 8.7. Race, ethnicity, and income of patients receiving care in an HSHC, United States, 2011
| Race / Ethnicity / Income | Percentage |
|---|---|
| White | 64.8 |
| Black | 25.2 |
| Asian | 3.4 |
| Native Hawaiian | 0.3 |
| Pacific Islander | 0.9 |
| AI/AN | 1.5 |
| >1 Race | 3.9 |
| Hispanic | 34.5 |
| Non-Hispanic | 65.5 |
| Language Other Than English | 23 |
| Income 0-100% Poverty Level | 71.8 |
| Income 101-150% Poverty Level | 14.1 |
| Income 151-200% Poverty Level | 6.6 |
| Income >200% Poverty Level | 7.5 |
Key: AI/AN: American Indian or Alaska Native.
Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Uniform Data System, 2011.
Note: Racial groups shown are non-Hispanic. Data were obtained from 1,128 Section 330g grantee recipients. Income shown only includes known income. Nearly 23% of patient income is unknown.
Figure 8.8. HSHC patients with hypertension or diabetes whose symptoms are controlled, by race, 2011
| Race | Controlled Hypertension | Controlled Diabetes |
|---|---|---|
| White | 65.5 | 41.3 |
| Black | 56.7 | 38.5 |
| Asian | 70.8 | 45.1 |
| Native Hawaiian | 60.1 | 32.8 |
| Pacific Islander | 64.8 | 25.6 |
| AI/AN | 60.2 | 36 |
| >1 Race | 64.2 | 36.9 |
Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Uniform Data System, 2011.
Note: Racial groups shown are non-Hispanic. Data were obtained from 1,128 Section 330g grantee recipients. Patients with hypertension include those ages 18-85. Hypertension is determined to be controlled if the patient's last blood pressure reading was less than 140/90 mm Hg. Patients with diabetes include those ages 18-75. Diabetes is determined to be controlled if the patient's most recent hemoglobin A1c level was 7% or less.
Figure 8.9. Medicaid and uninsured discharges, by facility characteristics, U.S. short-term acute hospitals, 2010
| Facility Characteristics | Percentage |
|---|---|
| <100 Beds | 23.1 |
| 100-299 Beds | 24.5 |
| 300-499 Beds | 29.2 |
| 500+ Beds | 30.3 |
| Government | 38.3 |
| Private, Nonprofit | 24.8 |
| Private, Investor Owned | 28.3 |
| Teaching | 30.6 |
| Nonteaching | 24 |
| Northeast | 26.3 |
| Midwest | 23.7 |
| South | 29.1 |
| West | 28.4 |
| Metropolitan | 27.4 |
| Nonmetroplitan | 25.8 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, HCUPnet, 2010. Available at http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/.
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