2012 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports
Efficiency
Measure Title
Inappropriate Treatment
Adults age 65 and over who received potentially inappropriate prescription medications in the calendar year (11 medications)
Adults age 65 and over who received potentially inappropriate prescription medications in the calendar year (33 medications)
Preventable Emergency Department Visits
Potentially avoidable emergency department encounters for asthma
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations for all conditions
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations for acute conditions
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations for chronic conditions
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations and emergency department encounters for congestive heart failure (CHF)
Perforated appendixes per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis
Potentially Harmful Services Without Benefit
Visits with antibiotics prescribed for a diagnosis of common cold per 10,000 population
Males age 75 and over who reported having a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test or a digital rectal exam within the last 12 months
Inappropriate Treatment
Measure Title
Adults age 65 and over who received potentially inappropriate prescription medications in the calendar year (11 medications).
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends (CFACT), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).
National Tables
7_1_1_1.1 Adults age 65 and over with at least 1 prescription from 11 medications that should be avoided in older adults, United States, 2002-2009
7_1_1_1.2a-d Adults age 65 and over with at least 1 prescription from 11 medications that should be avoided in older adults, United States, 2009, by:
- Race.
- Ethnicity.
- Family income.
- Education.
National Data Source
AHRQ, CFACT, MEPS.
National Denominator
U.S. population age 65 and over.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator who received at least 1 of the 11 medications that are potentially inappropriate for older adults.
Comments
Prescription medications received includes all prescribed medications initially purchased or otherwise obtained during the calendar year, as well as any refills.
For additional information concerning the potentially inappropriate medications, refer to Zhan C, Sangl J, Bierman AS, et al. Potentially inappropriate medication use in the community-dwelling elderly: findings from 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. JAMA 2001;286(22):2823-29.
Inappropriate Treatment
Measure Title
Adults age 65 and over who received potentially inappropriate prescription medications in the calendar year (33 medications).
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends (CFACT), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).
National Tables
7_1_1_2.1 Adults age 65 and over with at least 1 prescription from 33 medications that are potentially inappropriate, United States, 2002-2009
7_1_1_2.2a-d Adults age 65 and over with at least 1 prescription from 33 medications that are potentially inappropriate, United States, 2009, by:
- Race.
- Ethnicity.
- Family income.
- Education.
National Data Source
AHRQ, CFACT, MEPS.
National Denominator
U.S. population age 65 and over.
National Numerator
People age 65 and over who received 1 or more of the 33 potentially inappropriate medications.
Comments
Prescription medications received includes all prescribed medications initially purchased or otherwise obtained during the calendar year, as well as any refills.
For additional information concerning the potentially inappropriate medications, refer to Zhan C, Sangl J, Bierman AS, et al. Potentially inappropriate medication use in the community-dwelling elderly: findings from 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. JAMA 2001;286(22):2823-29.
Preventable Emergency Department Visits
Measure Title
Potentially avoidable emergency department encounters for asthma.
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets (CDOM), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS).
National Tables
7_2_1_4.1 Emergency department visits for asthma per 100,000 population (including inpatient admissions), age 18 and over, United States, 2009
7_2_1_5.2_1 Emergency department visits for asthma per 100,000 population (including inpatient admissions), ages 2-17, United States, 2009
National Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1.
National Denominator
U.S. civilian population ages 2-17 or age 18 and over, as appropriate.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator with an emergency department asthma visit.
Comments
Consistent with the AHRQ Quality Indicators software, asthma must be the principal diagnosis and the following cases are excluded: admissions with cystic fibrosis or anomalies of the respiratory system, transfers from other institutions, and obstetric admissions.
Rates are adjusted by age and gender using the total U.S. population for 2000 as the U.S. standard population; when reporting is by age, the adjustment is by gender only; when reporting is by gender, the adjustment is by age only.
Although not all States participate in the HCUP database, NIS is weighted to give national estimates using weights based on all U.S. community, nonrehabilitation hospitals in the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations
Measure Title
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations for all conditions.
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets (CDOM), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs).
National Tables
7_3_1_2.1_1 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for all conditions, age 18 and over, United States, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008
7_3_1_2.1_4 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for all conditions, age 18 and over, by income, United States, 2000-2008
National Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1.
National Denominator
U.S. population age 18 and over.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator who qualified for any individual PQI numerator: 1, 3, 7, 8, and 10-16 (see Comments).
PQI components of the composites include:
- PQI 1: Diabetes, short-term complications.
- PQI 3: Diabetes, long-term complications.
- PQI 5: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- PQI 7: Hypertension.
- PQI 8: Congestive heart failure.
- PQI 10: Dehydration.
- PQI 11:Bacterial pneumonia.
- PQI 12: Urinary tract infections.
- PQI 13: Angina without procedure.
- PQI 14: Uncontrolled diabetes.
- PQI 15: Asthma in younger adults.
- PQI 16: Lower extremity amputations among patients with diabetes.
State Table
7_3_1_2.1_3 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for all conditions, age 18 and over, by State, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008
State Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, State Inpatient Databases (SID).
State Denominator
Same as national.
State Numerator
Same as national.
Comments
Based on the 11 AHRQ PQIs for angina, asthma, bacterial pneumonia, congestive heart failure, dehydration, diabetes, hypertension, and urinary tract infection. For consistency of longitudinal reporting, the modified overall composite does not include AHRQ PQI 5 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because it is affected by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding changes.
Rates are adjusted by age and gender using the total 2000 U.S. standard population.
Although not all States participate in the HCUP database, NIS is weighted to give national estimates using weights based on all U.S. community, nonrehabilitation hospitals in the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.
SID includes a powerful set of hospital databases from data organizations in participating States. SID contains the universe of the inpatient discharge abstracts in participating States, translated into a uniform format to facilitate multi-State comparisons and analyses. Together, SID encompasses about 90% of all U.S. community hospital discharges. SID contains a core set of clinical and nonclinical information on all patients, regardless of payer, including people covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance, as well as uninsured people. In addition to the core set of uniform data elements common to all SID, some databases within SID include other elements, such as the patient's race.
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations
Measure Title
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations for acute conditions.
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets (CDOM), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs).
National Tables
7_3_1_2.2_1 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for acute conditions, age 18 and over, United States, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008
7_3_1_2.2_4 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for acute conditions, age 18 and over, by income, United States, 2000-2008
National Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1.
National Denominator
U.S. civilian population age 18 and over.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator who qualified for any individual PQI numerator considered acute: 10, 11, and 12 (see Comments).
State Table
7_3_1_2.2_3 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for acute conditions, age 18 and over, by State, 2000, 2004, 2007-2009
State Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, State Inpatient Databases (SID).
State Denominator
Same as national.
State Numerator
Same as national.
Comments
Based on the three AHRQ PQIs for dehydration, bacterial pneumonia, and urinary tract infection.
Although not all States participate in the HCUP database, NIS is weighted to give national estimates using weights based on all U.S. community, nonrehabilitation hospitals in the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.
SID includes a powerful set of hospital databases from data organizations in participating States. SID contains the universe of the inpatient discharge abstracts in participating States, translated into a uniform format to facilitate multi-State comparisons and analyses. Together, SID encompasses about 90% of all U.S. community hospital discharges. SID contains a core set of clinical and nonclinical information on all patients, regardless of payer, including people covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance, as well as uninsured people. In addition to the core set of uniform data elements common to all SID, some databases within SID include other elements, such as the patient's race.
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations
Measure Title
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations for chronic conditions.
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets (CDOM), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs).
National Table
7_3_1_2.3_1 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for chronic conditions, age 18 and over, United States, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008
7_3_1_2.3_4 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for chronic conditions, age 18 and over, by income, United States, 2000-2008
National Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1.
National Denominator
U.S. civilian population age 18 and over.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator who qualified for any individual PQI numerator considered chronic: 1, 3, 7, 8, and 13-16 (see Comments).
State Table
7_3_1_2.3_3 Potentially avoidable hospitalizations per 100,000 population for chronic conditions, age 18 and over, by State, United States, 2000, 2004, 2007-2009
State Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, State Inpatient Databases (SID).
State Denominator
Same as national.
State Numerator
Same as national.
Comments
Based on the eight AHRQ PQIs for angina, asthma, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension. For consistency of longitudinal reporting, the modified overall composite does not include AHRQ PQI 5 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because it is affected by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding changes.
Although not all States participate in the HCUP database, NIS is weighted to give national estimates using weights based on all U.S. community, nonrehabilitation hospitals in the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.
SID includes a powerful set of hospital databases from data organizations in participating States. SID contains the universe of the inpatient discharge abstracts in participating States, translated into a uniform format to facilitate multi-State comparisons and analyses. Together, SID encompasses about 90% of all U.S. community hospital discharges. SID contains a core set of clinical and nonclinical information on all patients, regardless of payer, including people covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance, as well as uninsured people. In addition to the core set of uniform data elements common to all SID, some databases within SID include other elements, such as the patient's race.
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations
Measure Title
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations and emergency department encounters for congestive heart failure (CHF).
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets (CDOM), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs).
National Table
7_4_1_3.1 Emergency department visits for congestive heart failure per 100,000 population (including inpatient admissions), age 18 and over, United States, 2008-2009
National Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS).
National Denominator
U.S. civilian population age 18 and over.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator who were admitted to a hospital or visited an emergency department for CHF.
Comments
Consistent with the AHRQ PQI software, CHF must be the principal diagnosis and the following are excluded: admissions with cardiac procedures and transfers from other institutions.
Rates are adjusted by age and gender using the total 2000 U.S. standard population; when reporting is by age, the adjustment is by gender only; when reporting is by gender, the adjustment is by age only.
Although not all States participate in the HCUP database, NIS is weighted to give national estimates using weights based on all U.S. community, nonrehabilitation hospitals in the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations
Measure Title
Perforated appendixes per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis.
Measure Source
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets (CDOM), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs).
National Tables
7_5_1_1.1_1 Admissions with perforated appendix per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, age 18 and over, United States, 2000, 2004-2009
7_5_1_1.1_2 Admissions with perforated appendix per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, age 18 and over, by race/ethnicity, United States, 2008
7_5_1_1.1_4 Perforated appendixes per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, age 18 and over, by income, United States, 2000-2009
7_5_1_1.2_1 Perforated appendixes per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, age 18 and over, in Indian Health Service, Tribal, and contract hospitals and community hospitals, United States, 2003-2010
7_5_1_2.1 Admissions with perforated appendix per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, ages 1-17, United States, 2000, 2004-2009
7_5_1_2.2 Admissions with perforated appendix per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, ages 1-17, by race/ethnicity, United States, 2009
7_5_1_2.4 Perforated appendixes per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, ages 1-17, by income, United States, 2000-2009
National Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1; State Inpatient Databases (SID), disparities analysis file.
National Denominator
Nonmaternal discharges with principal or secondary diagnosis of appendicitis, excluding transfers from other institutions.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator with principal or secondary diagnosis code for perforation or abscess of appendix.
State Tables
7_5_1_1.1_3 Admissions with perforated appendix per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, age 18 and over, by State, United States, 2000, 2004, 2007-2009
7_5_1_2.3 Admissions with perforated appendix per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis, ages 1-17, by State, United States, 2000, 2004, 2007-2009
State Data Source
AHRQ, CDOM, HCUP, SID.
State Denominator
Same as national.
State Numerator
Same as national.
Comments
Consistent with the AHRQ PQI software, transfers from other institutions are excluded.
Rates are adjusted by age and gender using U.S. hospitalizations for 2000 as the U.S. standard population; when reporting is by age, the adjustment is by gender only; when reporting is by gender, the adjustment is by age only.
Although not all States participate in the HCUP database, NIS is weighted to give national estimates using weights based on all U.S. community, nonrehabilitation hospitals in the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.
SID includes a powerful set of hospital databases from data organizations in participating States. SID contains the universe of the inpatient discharge abstracts in participating States, translated into a uniform format to facilitate multi-State comparisons and analyses. Together, SID encompasses about 90% of all U.S. community hospital discharges. SID contains a core set of clinical and nonclinical information on all patients, regardless of payer, including people covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance, as well as uninsured people. In addition to the core set of uniform data elements common to all SID, some databases within SID include other elements, such as the patient's race.
The SID disparities analysis file is designed to provide national estimates on disparities using weighted records from a sample of hospitals from the following 31 States: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Potentially Harmful Services Without Benefit
Measure Title
Visits with antibiotics prescribed for a diagnosis of common cold per 10,000 population.
Measure Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).
National Tables
7_5_1_3.1 Doctor's office, emergency department, and outpatient department visits where antibiotics were prescribed for a diagnosis of common cold, per 10,000 population, United States, 2005-2009
7_5_1_3.3 Doctor's office, emergency department, and outpatient department visits where antibiotics were prescribed for a diagnosis of common cold, per 10,000 population, by race, United States, 2008-2009
National Data Source
CDC, NCHS, NAMCS, NHAMCS.
National Denominator
U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator with a sole diagnosis of common cold for which antibiotics were prescribed or continued.
Comments
Population is U.S. Census Bureau estimated civilian noninstitutionalized population on July 1 of the 2 data years. Ambulatory medical care visits include visits to office-based physicians, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments.
Potentially Harmful Services Without Benefit
Measure Title
Males age 75 and over who reported having a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test or a digital rectal exam within the last 12 months.
Measure Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
National Table
7_5_1_4.1 Men age 75 and over without prostate cancer who had a prostate-specific antigen test or a digital rectal exam for prostate cancer screening within the past year, United States, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010
National Data Source
CDC, BRFSS.
National Denominator
Adult males age 75 and over without history of prostate cancer.
National Numerator
Subset of the denominator who had a PSA test or a digital rectal exam within the past year.
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